Ultrafast and Multiplexed Bacteriophage Susceptibility Testing by Surface Plasmon Resonance and Phase Imaging of Immobilized Phage Microarrays

In the context of bacteriophage (phage) therapy, there is an urgent need for a method permitting multiplexed, parallel phage susceptibility testing (PST) prior to formulation personalized cocktails administration patients suffering from antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections. Methods based on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and phase were demonstrated as candidates very rapid (<2 h) PST in broth phase. Biosensing layers composed arrays phages 44AHJD, P68, gh-1 covalently immobilized SPRi prism exposed liquid culture either Pseudomonas putida or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (i.e., phages’ host non-host bacteria). Monitoring reflectivity reveals challenge bacteria strains. Investigation lytic replication demonstrates at single-cell scale, without requiring immobilization. sensorgrams show that on-target regions increase more slowly, stabilizing later lower level compared off-target regions. Phage can be revealed little 30 min both methods.